An infected sebaceous cyst is a common but uncomfortable skin condition that occurs when a blocked oil gland becomes inflamed or infected. These cysts form beneath the skin when the sebaceous gland — which produces natural oils to keep the skin smooth — becomes clogged with sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria. While many cysts are harmless and painless, once infection sets in, they can become swollen, red, painful, and filled with pus, requiring medical attention.
Causes
Sebaceous cysts often develop due to clogged hair follicles, skin trauma, or blocked sebaceous glands. Sometimes, they form after a small cut or pimple gets infected. Hormonal changes, poor hygiene, or excessive oil production can also increase the risk. When bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus, enters the cyst, infection begins, causing the area to swell, redden, and become tender.
Symptoms
The symptoms of an infected sebaceous cyst are hard to ignore. The most noticeable sign is a painful lump under the skin, often found on the back, neck, scalp, or face. The cyst may appear red, warm, and filled with thick yellow or white pus. In some cases, it may ooze a foul-smelling discharge if it bursts. Other symptoms include swelling, sensitivity to touch, and sometimes fever if the infection spreads.
Treatment
Treatment for an infected sebaceous cyst depends on its severity. Small, mild cysts can sometimes be managed at home with warm compresses to promote drainage and relieve discomfort. However, when the cyst becomes inflamed or painful, medical treatment is necessary.
A doctor may first prescribe antibiotics to control the infection. Once the inflammation has reduced, a minor surgical procedure may be performed to remove the cyst completely. During this procedure, the doctor makes a small incision, drains the pus, and removes the cyst sac to prevent recurrence. It is very important not to squeeze or pop a cyst at home, as this can push bacteria deeper into the skin and worsen the infection.
Prevention
Good hygiene, regular exfoliation, and avoiding oily skincare products can help reduce the risk of developing cysts. If you are prone to cysts, periodic check-ups with a dermatologist are advisable.
An infected sebaceous cyst may seem minor, but when left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Early diagnosis, proper care, and medical treatment ensure quick recovery and healthy, clear skin.
